Several lines of evidence have indicated a close relationship of YB-1 function and PI3-K/AKT and MAPK/ERK mediated signaling in tumor cells, including direct phosphorylation of YB-1 (serine102) by AKT and by RSK, a downstream player of the MAPK signaling cascade, thereby affecting cellular localization and biological function of YB-1 [13,48]. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and neoplasm.