A meta-analysis of 12 studies conducted in 2008 [28] showed that the XRCC1 R194W polymorphism might not be risk factors for bladder cancer, but the R399Q polymorphism associated with decreased susceptibility of bladder cancer under recessive model (OR=0.65, 95% CI= 0.49-0.86) and homozygote contrast (OR=0.66, 95% CI= 0.49-0.90) among ever smokers. Here, XRCC1 is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.