SOD2 and breast cancer: Although the strongest and most robust risk factors for BC are increased female hormone levels [31], [51], the roles of hormones in BC aetiology are complex; on one hand the production of ROS through redox cycling of the catechol estrogens has been suggested to contribute to breast carcinogenesis by increasing DNA damage, and on the other hand, estrogens have been shown to upregulate antioxidant enzymes (MnSOD and glutathione peroxidases) via the NFκB pathway in animal models [52], [53], [54].