Results were given as spontaneous activities and after ex vivo treatment of PBMCs by HDAC inhibitors (RA: rheumatoid arthritis; AS: ankylosing spondylitis; HC healthy controls; TSA: trichostatin A; Sirt: sirtinol) (* Mann- Whitney test; ** Wilcoxon test). The gene discussed is HDAC9; the disease is ankylosing spondylitis.