Previously [29], four PAM sequences (CAT, CTT, CCT and CTC), have been reported to confer immunity on wild-type g8 crRNA expressing E. coli against phage M13 infection in vivo, and to give rise to high affinity DNA binding by g8 crRNA-bound Cascade in vitro (Figure 2B and Figure S2A). This evidence concerns the gene SNHG32 and infection.