MAPK8 and infection: Furthermore, silencing other genes involved in JNK activation—such as hep, jun, and fos (Figure S2)—also enhanced the intensity of infection, increasing the median number of oocysts by 3.8 to 4.9 fold, relative to the dsLacZ control (Figure 1, D and E, Table S3) (p<0.001; Kolmogorov-Smirnov [KS] test).