In azoxymethane (AOM), chemically induced inflammation of conventional, Bacterioides vulgatus mono-associated, and germfree IL-10(−/−) and Myd88(−/−) mice, it could be shown that the risk for colitis associated cancer seems to be TLR/MyD88 dependent and can be altered by manipulation of intestinal microbes (Uronis et al, 2009). Here, MYD88 is linked to colitis.