In vitro experiments have usually been interpreted as indicating that visceralizing species of Leishmania result in a relatively silent infection of macrophages (Zhang et al., 2010), significant suppression of gene expression (Buates and Matlashewski, 2001), or a signature distinct from that associated with interferon (IFN)-γ activation (Rodriguez et al., 2004). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is infection.