In particular they reported a peak of phosphorylation of eIF2α at 6 hours post infection after which levels returned to mock levels, while in this study we see a down regulation at 24 hours, and a significant increase on days 2 and 3 p.i. Somewhat surprisingly, while Pena and Harris report an increase in expression of CHOP, they report no activation of caspase 9 or and indeed, no induction of apoptosis in response to infection[70]. Here, DDIT3 is linked to infection.