Therefore, the present results support the ‘calcium hypothesis of aging’ (Khachaturian, 1987; Landfield, 1987) in that the age-related increase in surface expression of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (Cav1.2 and Cav1.3) in hippocampal pyramidal neurons we demonstrate may play an important role in the cognitive deficits observed in normal aging subjects. Here, CACNA1D is linked to Cognitive impairment.