NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia: In a subgroup analysis of their AML HD98B randomized trial in elderly patients with AML, Schlenk et al. showed a higher response rate and better relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) only in patients with NPM1 mutations without FLT3-ITD (NPM+/FLT3−ITD−) who received ATRA as part of their induction regimen (17); however, a subgroup analysis of the MRC AML12 trial failed to show a similar benefit in NPM+/FLT3− patients (18).