In a subgroup analysis of a randomized trial conducted by the German–Austrian AML Study Group (AMLSG), Schlenk et al. showed that the addition of ATRA to intensive chemotherapy was associated with a significant improvement in response rate, OS, and EFS only in elderly patients who were NPM1+/FLT3−ITD−(17). This evidence concerns the gene NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia.