IL10 and colitis: While many studies using the IL-10−/−  Helicobacter model have focused on H. hepaticus or H. bilis, other enterohepatic species including H. cinaedi, H. typhlonius, and H. trogontum (a Gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium initially isolated from rats) [13, 14] have also been shown to initiate colitis in IL-10−/− mice [10, 15, 16].