SOD1 and chronic kidney disease: Our observation that increased DHE staining, indicative of superoxide generation, was associated with increased expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (Ncf1 and Ncf2) and decreased expression of SOD isoforms is similar to observations made in other chronic renal disease models, including subtotal nephrectomy [32] and renovascular hypertension [33,34] and spontaneously hypertensive rats [35].