TF and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: Many chronic liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic hepatitides B and C, PBC, and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency are associated with mild iron overload with near-normal transferrin saturation rarely exceeding 45% (the threshold fasting transferrin saturation to initiate further hemochromatosis work-up) [3, 4].