TWIST1 and neoplasm: As well as the focal adhesion signaling pathway, TGF-β mainly activates the canonical TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in which the Smad complex acts in the control of tumor progression, invasiveness, and metastasis during EMT by regulating the transcription of target genes in concert with other DNA-binding transcription factors such as Snail and Twist [9,60,61].