Moreover, miRNA-146a-mediated down-regulation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 together with NF-κB-induced up-regulation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-2 expression could promote an extensively sustained inflammatory response in hippocampus and neocortex of Alzheimer disease brain and in interleukin-1β and amyloid-β-42 peptide-stressed human astroglial cells [36]. Here, IRAK1 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.