ESR1 and nephrolithiasis: For example, specific polymorphisms of the genes encoding vitamin D receptor (VDR) [13–16], vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [17], androgen and estrogen receptors [18], calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) [19], matrix Gla protein (MGP) [20], and fibronectin (FN 1) [21] were suggested to be a risk factor for nephrolithiasis.