TGFB1 and acute myeloid leukemia: For TGF-β1, the level was markedly decreased in ND (median, 2222.95 pg/mL; range 289.8–13883.7 pg/mL) and relapsed-refractory AML patients (median, 2462.35 pg/mL; range, 677.2–4799.8 pg/mL) compared with CR patients (median, 9273.68 pg/mL; range, 1092.8–40438.5 pg/mL; ***P < 0.0001; *P = 0.0003; resp).