Recently, a replicate study conducted in a Vietnamese population showed that the variant RIPK2 rs42490G/A was significantly associated with leprosy whereas the significance was not revealed for the variant RIPK2 rs40457A/G [30].Studies have established the fact that RIPK2 interaction with NOD2 enhances NF-κB activity making it an important player in cellular immune response [17]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and leprosy.