To examine whether infection with M. fermentans induced Topo I modification by PARP, Topo I protein was immunoprecipitated by anti-Topo I antibodies derived from scleroderma (SC) patient serum [47] and analyzed by Western blot using anti-Poly-ADP-ribose monoclonal antibody (Figure 7A). Here, PARP1 is linked to scleroderma.