Figure 1A shows the markers of activation of mTORC1 (phosphorylation at T308 of Akt, and at T389 of S6K) and mTORC2 signaling pathway (phosphorylation at S473 of Akt). Mutations in PKD1 or PKD2 lead to profound effects on downstream target tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-mTOR pathway in ADPKD. Here, PKD1 is linked to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.