In order to investigate associations of T cell subpopulations with atherosclerosis in an otherwise healthy free-living population, we examined cross-sectional relationships of circulating CD4+ naive and memory T lymphocytes with markers of infection, inflammation, and with CC IMT and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Here, CD4 is linked to atherosclerosis.