HK1 and Alzheimer disease: For instance, ATP5A1 was suggested to contribute to neurodegeneration as it accumulates in the cytosol at early stages of NFT-based neurodegenerative processes.36 Furthermore, the protein levels of ALDOA were reported to be increased in AD hippocampal tissue.37 Our data are in line with previous studies of ATP5A1, which was downregulated in the Hp whereas ALDOA expression was upregulated.38 Impairment of brain metabolism has been recognized as a hallmark of AD, and the reduction of glucose utilization is paralleled by a decrease in the expression of glycolytic enzymes.