NFKB1 and glioblastoma: NF-κB activation can also directly promote tumor survival and metastases.106, 107, 108, 109 A recent study demonstrated a role for IAP-mediated regulation of non-canonical NF-κB signaling in modulating migration and invasion in glioblastoma cells in a preclinical tumor model.110 As IAPs can directly regulate the NF-κB pathway, they can either promote or inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis in a context-dependent manner.