This technique, also called Deep-RACE, was also applied to search for sense-oriented lncRNAs upstream of the transcription start site (TSS) of FMR1. Sense oriented lncRNAs overlapping gene promoters (Han et al. 2007; Kurokawa 2011; Martianov et al. 2007; Song et al. 2012) have been shown to regulate transcription initiation (Martianov et al. 2007; Song et al. 2012) and may therefore contribute to FMR1 gene dysregulation in FXS/FXTAS. The gene discussed is FMR1; the disease is fragile X syndrome.