Advances in the understanding of the molecular pathways of the tumor biology have enabled the identification of specific molecular targets for therapy, including the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), what has led to the development of several drugs (sorafenib [6], sunitinib [7], bevacizumab (plus IFN-α) [8,9], temsirolimus [10] and everolimus [11]) that have substantially improved outcomes for RCC patients [12]. The gene discussed is IFNA17; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.