However, these studies could be approached using novel adaptive clinical trials testing personalized therapeutic strategies (for example,: BATTLE [25], I-SPY [26], FOCUS 4 [27] and IMPaCT [3]), or using a molecular taxonomy or ‘biotype’ that recruits HER2-amplified cancers irrespective of the organ in which the tumour arises (often referred to as ‘basket’ trials) [28], with specific attention to diagnostic criteria for patient recruitment, particularly as more effective anti-HER2 therapies emerge. The gene discussed is ERBB2; the disease is cancer.