While there have been no therapeutic trials performed in animals and humans addressing the safety and efficacy of blocking OX40-OX40L in the treatment of SLE, in vitro studies revealed that anti-CD134mAb-treated splenocytes of BXSB mice expressed significantly less markers of active SLE such as anti-dsDNA, IL-6, and IFNγ [71]. Here, TNFRSF4 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.