VHL and renal cell carcinoma: We note that although VHL-inactivated RCC are invariably clear cell, those associated with germline FLCN mutations (causing Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome) and the t(5;19)(p15.3;q12) represent a variety of histopathological subtypes indicating that UBE2QL1 dysregulation, like FLCN, can drive tumorigenesis of different RCC subtypes.