Since the above-mentioned studies show contradictory results about CX3CR1 signalling in Alzheimer’s disease, and describe a dual role for CX3CR1-CX3CL1 signalling in neuroinflammation, attention needs to be paid while modifying CX3CR1 or CX3CL1 expression in order to improve disease outcome. This evidence concerns the gene CX3CL1 and Alzheimer disease.