The chemokine IL-8, also seen to be elevated in the CSF of LNB patients [132, 179] and in rhesus microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells exposed to Bb [151–154], is associated with BBB dysfunction and plays a central role in recruitment of neutrophils and T cells into the CNS during bacterial meningitis [181–183]. Here, CXCL8 is linked to bacterial meningitis.