NPY is involved in the cerebral regulation of food intake, cognition, anxiety, mood and stress resilience (Heilig, 2004; Lin et al., 2004; McGowan and Bloom, 2004; Ueno et al., 2008; Morales-Medina et al., 2010), and these implications are borne out by a distinct phenotype of NPY−/− mice (Bannon et al., 2000; Lin et al., 2004; Karl et al., 2008; Painsipp et al., 2011; Forbes et al., 2012). The gene discussed is NPY; the disease is Anxiety.