CCL3 and infection: MIP1 β-CCL4 was also detected, and this finding is interesting because it has been demonstrated that a reduction of the T-cell-chemoattractant chemokines CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5 leads to cerebral malaria protection in mice [44], and like the other biomarkers cited above, MIP1 β-CCL4 plays a role in the chemotaxis of immune cells in during infection [45].