In fact, the dendritic cells of cystic fibrosis patients with ABPA present elevated expression of the costimulatory molecule OX40 ligand coupled to a lower secretion of TGF-β, a profile linked to a Th2-biased cell response which is not observed in cystic fibrosis patients without ABPA [152]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.