Using HaCaT cells harboring mutant c-Ha-Ras, as a representative of early stage skin SCC in the model of tumor progression, Davies et al. [249] have overexpressed TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 which resulted in more malignant phenotypes both in organotypic cultures or tumors formed in athymic mice. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.