CCL2 and posterior cortical atrophy: We found the protein levels of pSTAT3 in C4-2 scr and siAR cells were reduced by CCL2ab in a dose-dependent manner, as well as levels of EMT markers in C4-2 cells (Fig 3E), indicating CCL2 induction by AR silencing via siAR in PCa cells is an important upstream signal for STAT3 activation and EMT induction.