CCL2 and neoplasm: Our present study first established a previously unrecognized role of AR in negatively regulating CCL2 expression in PCa cells and TAMs, suggesting the current ADT only targeting androgen/AR in the prostate tumour microenvironment may help to create an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment via induction of CCL2, which is similar to wound healing studies showing ARKO mice had an accelerated wound healing process (Lai et al, 2009).