As expected, AR silencing via siAR in C4-2 significantly reduced C4-2 cell proliferation (Fig 4D), and the co-culture of C4-2 cells with AR silenced THP-1 cells did not further alter C4-2 cell proliferation (Fig 4E and F), suggesting CCL2 up-regulation did not play a role in regulating PCa cell proliferation. Here, CCL2 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.