Among nine cancer-associated mutations that determine sensitivity to ATRA (Notch 1, BCR_ABL, KIT, FLT3, APC, TET2, K-ras, ALK, MLL_AFF1), KRAS, APC, and KIT mutations are associated with resistance to ATRA (Figure 6A, only K-ras is shown). This evidence concerns the gene AFF1 and cancer.