For instance, at concentrations that ranged from 0.008 μmol/mL to 1.0 μmol/mL, Tα1-iRGD exhibited significantly higher activity than Tα1 (p value <0.01) in three out of the four activities compared, particularly at 0.04 and 1.0 μmol/mL, This finding indicates that Tα1-iRGD can attach to B16F10 melanoma cell line more effectively (p value <0.01). Here, TAAR1 is linked to melanoma.