S100A9 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Interestingly, S100A8 and S100A9 concentrations have been correlated to disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease [15], [16], [67]–[69], gout [29], [70], obesity-mediated type 2 diabetes, and artheroslerosis [reviewed in [71]], suggesting a possible link between S100A8, S100A9, and exacerbated production of IL-1β.