TGFB1 and melanoma: Lastly, they demonstrate that YKL-40 activates MAPK, Akt, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and regulates apoptosis, pyroptosis, inflammasome activation, oxidant injury, antibacterial responses, melanoma metastasis, and TGF-β1 elaboration via IL-13Rα2-dependent mechanisms.