Dampening the Th2 response is possibly a more global approach and may be considered directly through the development of agents that inhibit the major cytokines IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13; however, an alternative indirect approach may be the use of anti-fungal agents such as itraconazole which decreases IL-5 and IL-13 in the A. fumigatus colonized setting in CF [70]. The gene discussed is IL13; the disease is cystic fibrosis.