Despite demonstration of the great efficacy of IL-1 blocking therapy in many AIDs, revealing innate immune system workings and the key role of IL-1 in autoinflammatory attacks, new AIDs have recently been recognized as unresponsive to IL-1 antagonists, including the proteasome-related “chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatitis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature” syndrome, or CANDLE syndrome, which was initially described in different areas of Japan and named Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome [47]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is AIDS.