At day 7 PI, TNF-α (p < 0.001), IFN-γ (p < 0.001), MCP-1 (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.001), and total protein level (p = 0.003) were increased in animals exposed to influenza, but there was no effect in animals exposed to arsenic alone (p > 0.087 in all comparisons). Here, TNF is linked to influenza.