Deregulated expression of HOX genes including HOXB8, HOXC8, HOXD8 and HOXA7 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma have been reported [72], [73], and miR-196a is significantly up-regulated in pancreatic [74], breast [75], and esophageal [68] cancer. This evidence concerns the gene HOXB8 and cancer.