Some clear differences have been found with phytoestrogens in a number of studies including a decrease in atherosclerosis in the Apo E knockout mouse, decreased soluble vascular cell adhesion protein (VCAM)-1, increased eNOS expression, increased antioxidants and decreased monocyte chemo-attractant protein (MCP) -1 [61]–[64]. The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is atherosclerosis.