Autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATD), including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD), as well as type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) are prototype organ-specific autoimmune disorders characterized by loss of immunological tolerance against thyroid and β-cell pancreatic antigens, lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland and the insulin producing pancreatic islands, and various degrees of organ dysfunction (1, 2). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.