The net build-up of ATP in PKD is likely to be dependent on a number of factors (Di Virgilio, 2012): (i) the pattern of P2 receptor expression in cystic and non-cystic renal tissue as well as in infiltrating inflammatory cells; (ii) the level of expression of nucleotide hydrolyzing enzymes (CD39 and CD73), which breakdown ATP and generate adenosine, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects (Di Virgilio, 2012). This evidence concerns the gene ENTPD1 and neoplasm.