HDAC9 and Stroke: Recent studies have provided significant evidence of neuroprotection by HDAC inhibitors after stroke in the mature brain associated with HDAC4 acetylation (Liu et al., 2012), increased angiogenesis via up-regulation of Hif-1α (Wang et al., 2012), decreased inflammatory markers and activated microglia, HSP70 induction, increased phospho-Akt, and decreased pro-apoptotic proteins such as p53 (Kim et al., 2007).