In doing so it undergoes a change in tertiary structure, similar to what is known for Aβ and tau in AD, and the peptide is finally deposited in β-cells (Hoppener et al., 2000), becoming a characteristic histopathological hallmark lesion of T2DM (Marzban et al., 2003; Hoppener and Lips, 2006). The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.