INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Similar to AD, T2DM has been modeled in mice: for example, in the ob/ob (leptin knockout) and db/db (leptin receptor knockout) strains, both of which are insulin resistant (Zhang et al., 1994; Chen et al., 1996), and in mice that over-express human amylin in pancreatic islet cells (de Koning et al., 1994; Janson et al., 1996; Verchere et al., 1996; Westermark et al., 2000).