However, there were more CD68-positive macrophages and ICAM-1-expressing cells in plaques from apoE−/−/PGC-1α−/− mice compared to those from littermate controls, implicating a potential role of macrophage PGC-1α in atherosclerosis in vivo which is in keeping with the data presented above. This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and atherosclerosis.